PM 101 | UpriseU

1. The Purpose

Amazon focuses the majority of its interview around behavioral questions paired to its Leadership Principles (LPs). These questions will assess (1) how you come up with ideas, (2) how you work with others, (3) how you execute, and (4) whether you can deliver results. Between the phone screen and the ~5 other interviews, they will typically assess you can across 12 LPs and along the way determine if you exhibit each of these LPs and have the necessarily product thinking, technical skills, and communication skills required to be a product leader at Amazon.

Communication at Amazon is extremely important so being able to answer their questions in a structured, concise, and clear way is essential to doing well in this interview. Also, you should remember that this is also an exercise in story telling. Your answers should follow a specific style and structure, but they should also be easy to remember, easy to follow, and at least somewhat engaging. Think of your answers as short stories.

Although every company has slightly different behavioral interview questions, if you prepare well for the Amazon style questions, you will likely be very well prepared for your other behavioral interviews.

2. Example Framework

There are several different frameworks that you can use to effectively communicate (e.g., Situation, Task, Action, Result; Situation Behavior Impact) but one that tends to work well is the following (Nugget + STOARL):

Nugget: Summarize your story (1 sentence)

Situtation: Explain what company you were at and your role (1 sentence)

Task: Explain what you goal was (1 sentence - can often be combined into the situation sentence)

Obstacles / Actions: What actions did you take to achieve your goal? What obstacles did you take and why was this hard? (3-5 sentences)

Results: What was the quantifiable impact? (1 sentence)

Learnings: What did you learn from this or what would you do differently (1 sentence; optional)

3. Core Interview Assessment Criteria across the Leadership Principles

Most interviewers will use something similar to the below to determine if you have a good answer or not. Although not every story will allow you to hit all 6 points below, you should try to have as many of your stories as possible hit all 6.

1. Display LP: Most importantl, do yo exhibit the trait being asked; More on this below

2. Structure: Do you have a structured answer that is easy to follow? E.g., did you use the STAR format or something similar; It is typically helpful to slow down your speaking and emphasize each section of your answer by saying, "The situation was...The Task was..."; This allows the interview time to catch up and finish taking notes for the previous section while getting ready to move on to the next section.

3. KISS: Keep It Simple Stupid. Try to make your stories at short as possible. Ideally 2-3 minutes. Some recruiters will tell you that they can be 5-7 minutes long but you have to remember that the longer they are, the harder they will be to follow. Keep them short and then let the interviewer ask you follow up questions.

4. Quantifiable Results: As a PM, you almost always want to develop goals for your product that are quantifiable and measurable. As a result, you should try to almost always have quantifiable results in your answers. Even if you host an internal lunch and learn, you can send a survey out afterwards to measure how many people attended and what percent of those people enjoyed it.

5. Rule of 3's: When talking about your actions, you should try to mention 3 actions that you took to complete the task. Less than 3 makes it seem like the task wasn't that hard. More than 3, and it is harder to follow. If you had to make a product decision about what to build, ideally had to choose between 3 different ideas, which shows that you didn't just pick the first idea that came into your head.

6. Learnings: To show that you are humble, that you self-reflect, and that you are always trying to improve, try to have learnings at the end of you answer.

4. Leadership Principles

1. How to Ideate

A. Customer Obsession: Leaders start with the customer and work backwards. They work vigorously to earn and keep customer trust. Although leaders pay attention to competitors, they obsess over customers.

Example Questions: Can you tell me about a time you had to deal with a difficult customer? Time when you used customer feedback to improve a product? A time where you had to balance the needs of the customer vs. the business?

B. Invent + Simplify: Leaders expect and require innovation and invention from their teams and always find ways to simplify. They are externally aware, look for new ideas from everywhere, and are not limited by “not invented here.” As we do new things, we accept that we may be misunderstood for long periods of time.

Example Questions: A time where you solved a complex problem with a simple solution? A creative idea you had that ended up being difficult to implement? Tell me about a time you solved a complex problem with a simple solution?

C. Think Big: Thinking small is a self-fulfilling prophecy. Leaders create and communicate a bold direction that inspires results. They think differently and look around corners for ways to serve customers.

Example Questions: The most innovative thing you have done and why you think it's innovative? A time when you took a big risk and it failed? What is an example of something you invented?

2. How to Work with others

A. Hire and Develop Best: Leaders raise the performance bar with every hire and promotion. They recognize exceptional talent, and willingly move them throughout the organization. Leaders develop leaders and take seriously their role in coaching others.

Example Questions: How you help your team members develop their careers? A time when you provided feedback to develop & leverage the strengths of someone on your team? How would you mitigate a conflict on your team?

B. Earn Trust: Leaders are sincerely open-minded, genuinely listen, and are willing to examine their strongest convictions with humility.

Example Questions: How do you deal with a boss who is very myopic and you can't convince him of a good idea? Describe difficulties you had with team members? A time you received tough or critical feedback? Give an example where you had to convince people outside your team to do something for you?

C. Ownership: Leaders are owners. They think long term and don't sacrifice long-term value for short-term results. They act on behalf of the entire company, beyond just their own team. They never say “that's not my job.”

Example Questions: A time you took on something significant outside your responsibility? A time you made a decision to sacrifice short term gain for a longer term goal? Tell me about a time when you did something that was not a part of your role?

D. Have Backbone; Disagree & Commit: Leaders are obligated to respectfully challenge decisions when they disagree, even when doing so is uncomfortable or exhausting. Leaders have conviction and are tenacious. They do not compromise for the sake of social cohesion. Once a decision is determined, they commit wholly.

Example Questions: A time you strongly disagreed with your manager? Tell me about a time when you disagreed with someone on your team? Tell me about a time when you had a conflict and how did you resolve it?

3. How to Execute

A. Bias for Action: Speed matters in business. Many decisions and actions are reversible and do not need extensive study. We value calculated risk taking. Ex. time you made decision without bosses input.

Example Questions: A time where you've taken a calculated risk where speed was crucial? A time you made an important decision without consulting your manager? If you were 6 weeks before launch and had the product wasn't ready, what would you do? Tell me a time when you had a make a decision and you didn't have any data?

B. Learn and Be Curious: Leaders are never done learning and always seek to improve themselves. They are curious about new possibilities and act to explore them.

Example Questions: Tell me about a time when you failed? A time you took on work outside of your comfort area and found it rewarding? Recieved critical feedback? Can you give me an example when you iterated on a product and it was the wrong direction; How did you find out, what did you do?

C. Dive Deep: Leaders operate at all levels, stay connected to the details, and audit frequently. No task is beneath them.

Example Questions: Tell me about a situation in which you used data to solve a problem? A time you linked two or more problems together an identified an underlying issue? Dove into several layers of information on your own initiative to solve a problem? Walk me through a product you worked on end-to-end?

D. Highest Standards: Leaders have relentlessly high standards - many people may think these standards are unreasonably high. Leaders are contiLeaders are continuously raising the bar and driving their teams to deliver high quality products, services and processes. Leaders ensure that defects do not get sent down the line and that problems are fixed so they stay fixed.

Example Questions: A time you were unsatisfied with the status quo; how did you change it? How do you seek out feedback on performance? Tell me a time when you improved process?

E. Frugality: We try not to spend money on things that don't matter to customers. Frugality breeds resourcefulness, self-sufficiency, and invention. There are no extra points for headcount, budget size, or fixed expense.

Example Questions: What would you do if you were going to miss an important launch date? Give me an example where you were faced with a trade-off and you had to remove features? You are juggling multiple projects, how do you prioritize?

4. Results

A. Right a lot: Leaders are right a lot. They have strong business judgment and good instincts.

Example Questions: A time you made a difficult decision and how you knew it was the right decision? Tell me about a time you had a feature you saw that you could scale beyond it's current use case?

B. Deliver Results: Leaders focus on the key inputs for their business and deliver them with the right quality and in a timely fashion. Despite setbacks, they rise to the occasion and never settle.

Example Questions: A time you delivered a project under a tight deadline? What is your greatest work accomplishment? Walk me through the architecture of a product you are most proud of? How did you handle a difficult goal you committed to?

Other new LPs: Strive to be Earth's Best Employer, Success and Scale Bring Broad Responsibility